Which body is responsible for conducting a trial in federal court?

The Petit Jury is the body responsible for conducting a trial in federal court. This jury, composed of a group of citizens, hears the evidence presented during the trial and is tasked with determining the guilt or innocence of the defendant in criminal cases or deciding the outcome of civil disputes. The role of the Petit Jury is pivotal because it ensures that the legal proceedings are conducted fairly, allowing a group of peers to evaluate the evidence and make a decision based on what they perceive as just.

In contrast, the Grand Jury does not conduct trials; instead, it is responsible for reviewing evidence to determine whether there is enough cause to bring criminal charges against an individual. The Supreme Court, while a critical component of the federal judiciary, holds appellate jurisdiction and does not conduct trials but hears appeals from lower courts. The Legislative Branch, which includes Congress, is responsible for making laws and does not engage in judicial functions such as conducting trials.