Which amendment protects citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures?

The Fourth Amendment is the constitutional provision that safeguards citizens against unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. It establishes the principle that individuals have a right to privacy in their persons, homes, papers, and effects, meaning that law enforcement agencies are required to have probable cause and, in most cases, a warrant issued by a judge to conduct searches. This amendment serves as a critical check on governmental power, ensuring that citizens are protected from arbitrary actions by authorities.

When understanding the relevance of the Fourth Amendment, it is essential to recognize its role in promoting the rule of law and protecting civil liberties. It is foundational in the context of criminal law, as evidence obtained in violation of this amendment can often be deemed inadmissible in court, which influences law enforcement procedures and the rights of individuals during investigations.