Which amendment addresses cruel and unusual punishment?

The Eighth Amendment is the one that specifically addresses cruel and unusual punishment. This amendment is part of the Bill of Rights and is designed to protect individuals from excessive bail or fines and from cruel and unusual forms of punishment for crimes. It reflects the notion that punishment should be proportional to the crime committed and that certain forms of punishment are inherently inhumane or degrading.

The importance of the Eighth Amendment lies in its foundational role in establishing standards for humane treatment within the justice system. This has led to important legal interpretations and court rulings concerning the constitutionality of various forms of punishment, such as the death penalty and certain prison conditions, ensuring that they uphold fundamental human rights.

The other amendments mentioned do not pertain to the issue of cruel and unusual punishment. The Sixth Amendment focuses on the rights of criminal defendants, including the right to a speedy trial and legal counsel. The Fourth Amendment is concerned with protection against unreasonable searches and seizures, while the Fifth Amendment pertains to rights related to due process and self-incrimination. Each plays a vital role in the justice system, but only the Eighth Amendment explicitly prohibits cruel and unusual punishment.