What is the primary function of a grand jury?

The primary function of a grand jury is to review evidence to determine whether there is sufficient probable cause to bring criminal charges against an individual. This process involves evaluating the evidence presented by the prosecution to decide if there is enough legal justification to proceed with formal charges, known as an indictment. Unlike a trial jury, which determines guilt or innocence, a grand jury does not make decisions about the defendant's guilt; rather, it assesses whether there is enough evidence to warrant further legal action.

This function is crucial in the legal system as it serves as a check on prosecutorial power, ensuring that individuals are not subjected to unwarranted criminal charges without sufficient evidence. The grand jury operates in secrecy, which aids in protecting the reputations of individuals who may not ultimately face charges and encourages witnesses to provide honest testimony without fear of repercussion.

The other options outline roles that do not pertain to the primary duties of a grand jury. For example, a grand jury does not pass judgment on guilt, prosecute individuals, or provide legal advice to defendants, which are responsibilities associated with different entities within the legal system.